Vulnerable Adults and Protection from Crime

Why some adults are more vulnerable

Under the Care Act 2014, a vulnerable adult is someone over 18 who may not be able to protect themselves from harm or exploitation. This vulnerability might stem from a learning disability, physical disability, mental health condition, or other factors.

People with learning disabilities can face several challenges that increase their risk. They might have trouble understanding when someone is trying to take advantage of them. Social cues that most people pick up on instinctively may not be obvious to them. Saying no or removing themselves from risky situations can also be difficult.

Communication difficulties add another layer of risk. If someone cannot clearly explain what has happened, or struggles to understand questions from police, both reporting crime and getting justice becomes harder. Some people may also be more trusting than average, or eager to please others: qualities that can make someone a target for exploitation.

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Common types of crime

People with learning disabilities are at increased risk for certain offences, particularly sexual abuse and physical violence. "Mate crime" is also common: people pretend to be friends but actually exploit or abuse the person they're targeting.

These crimes can happen anywhere: at home, in local areas, on public transport, or online. Sometimes the perpetrator is someone the person knows and trusts.

Financial abuse represents another significant risk. This might involve stealing money or benefits, pressuring someone to hand over cash or cards, or tricking them into paying for things they don't want or need.

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Barriers to getting help

Even when someone recognises that a crime has taken place, getting help can be challenging. The person might not know who to contact or how to report what happened. They may worry they won't be believed, especially if the perpetrator has told them it's their fault.

Police and court procedures are complex. While the Equality Act 2010 requires public authorities to make reasonable adjustments for disabled people, these are not consistently implemented. Without proper support, cases may not progress as they should.

Sometimes family members or carers may be reluctant to involve the police, thinking they are protecting the person from further distress. This can mean criminals escape justice and may go on to target others. People uncomfortable contacting the police directly can use third-party reporting services.

Staying safe and getting support

The government publishes guidance called "Keeping Safe" on GOV.UK covering practical steps to reduce risk.

Basic security measures help at home: keeping doors and windows locked, not letting strangers in, and being careful about who has keys. Having a way to contact someone matters too, whether that's a phone, emergency alarm, or regular check-ins with family or support workers.

When out, staying alert and avoiding isolated areas reduces risks. Cash machines inside shops or banks are safer than ones on quiet streets. Being cautious about sharing personal information, whether face-to-face, on the phone, or online, also helps.

If someone becomes a victim of crime, contact the police by calling 999 in an emergency or 101 otherwise. Local authorities have adult safeguarding teams who can help, and anyone can make a referral if they are concerned about an adult at risk.

Several specialist organisations can help:

• Mencap provides advice and support
• VoiceUK helps people access justice
• Ann Craft Trust focuses on safeguarding adults with learning disabilities
• Respond offers services for people who have experienced trauma or abuse
• Victim Support offers practical and emotional support to anyone affected by crime

Family members and carers play a key role in keeping vulnerable adults safe: helping someone understand risks, supporting them to report crimes, or advocating within the criminal justice system. However, people with learning disabilities have the same rights as everyone else to make their own choices. This principle is supported by the Mental Capacity Act 2005, which upholds the rights of individuals to make their own decisions where possible.

If you are concerned about someone, seek advice from local safeguarding teams, the police, or specialist organisations. Taking action early can prevent situations from getting worse.

The Next Step

Now that you have read through the advice above, you might want to put it into practice. Our Learning Support Finder lets you describe the learning difficulty and we will map out the UK assessment, support and funding routes to pursue. Try it now →